The trade contact by the Europeans brought different diseases to the native tribes in the western hemisphere. The Europeans were immune to the diseases, unlike the natives. Smallpox, chickenpox, and measles were some of the diseases that wiped out the native population. The Spanish introduced smallpox in Mexico and caused an outbreak that killed many people. The experts believe that close to 90% of the native population was wiped out by the disease.
I, King. Jordan. (2016). The columbian exchange as a source of adaptive introgression in human populations. Biology Direct, 11 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13062-016-0121-x